The Middle Ages saw the replacement of Roman “positive” law with German natural law, and the replacement of atomism (or statism) with community. Undoubtedly it is idealized, but Paul Johnson’s description from his “History of Christianity” gives the flavor:

One of the great tragedies of human history – and the central tragedy of Christianity – is the break-up of the harmonious world-order which had evolved, in the Dark Ages, on a Christian basis. Men had agreed, or at least had appeared to agreee, on an all-enveloping theory of society which not only aligned virtue with law and practice, but allotted to everyone in it precise, Christian-oriented tasks. There need be no arguments or divisions because everyone endorsed the principles on which the system was run. They had to. Membership of the society, and the acceptance of its rules, was ensured by baptism, which was compulsory and irrevocable. The unbaptized, that is the Jews, were not members of the society at all; their lives were spared but otherwise they had no rights. Those who, in effect, renounced their baptism by infidelity or heresy, were killed. For the remainder, there was total agreement and total commitment. The points on which men argued were slender,
compared to the huge areas of complete acquiescence which
embraced almost every aspect of their lives.

But the Enlightenment came out of Holland and its Jewish community. Check out Sutcliffe’s “Judaism and Enlightenment”.